The uses of Chemistry in everyday life can be significant in the creation of different materials. This can be very influential in the everyday entertainment, Crime scene investigation, and Movie and television productions..
Glow stick reaction - Chemiluminescence.
H2O2(aq) + C14H10O4(aq) + dye -> C6H2Cl3OH + 2CO2 + excited dye
The reaction that occurs in the glow sticks usually only last for a couple of hours to a few days depending on temperature. Depending on the dye a different light is emmited from the reaction.
- The hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the phenyl oxalate ester, resulting in a chemical called phenol and an unstable peroxyacid ester.
- The unstable peroxyacid ester decomposes, resulting in additional phenol and a cyclic peroxy compound.
- The cyclic peroxy compound decomposes to carbon dioxide.
- This decomposition releases energy to the dye.
- The electrons in the dye atoms jump to a higher level, then fall back down, releasing energy in the form of light.
diphenylanthracene - Blue
Bisanthracene - Green
Chlorobisanthracene – Bluegreen
Dichlorobisanthracene – yellow
Rubrene – Red Tetracarboxynaphthalene Diamide or Ditertbutylphenyl - deep red (often used with other combination to create different colors like pink or orange)
Luminol - Chemiluminescence
NH2O2(NH)2(aq)+H2O2+CH2CH2CO(OH)(aq) -> CH2CH2CO (OH)(aq)+N2+H2O+NH2O2-2(aq)
The reaction in most cases requires the use of Oxygen or Hydroxide as the reacting agent. Peroxide is used as a catalyst to the reaction. Blood in hemoglobin allows for the reaction to take place over a longer period of time but not a bright. The end result is that the hemoglobin becomes a participant in the reaction even though it will remain unchanged by the chemical process. Hydrogen peroxide is used for both displacement and reactant in the case of the Luminol. Hydrogen Peroxide by itself will cause the reaction, but would only last a few minutes without the Hemoglobin. The Hemoglobin by itself will react but only produce a limited amount of light. This combination provide a way to create a reaction that limits the affects on the blood sample while producing emitting light of a period of a few hours.
Movies - Phosphorescent
S0 + hv -> S1 -> T1 -> S0 + hv
Sn = Particle Energy Level (0=Ground state and 1=Excited State)
hv = light energy
T = Being the Temporary Energy State between absorbing and releasing energy
Movies use various chemicals in order to create luminescent images. Anything from antifreeze, to promethium based chemicals. In crime scene images they will often use a round bag filled with some liquid with bio material or luminescent pigment that can only be seen in ultra violet light, to create the splatter effect. Actors with the chemicals on their costume and hands will often supplement the initial effect with the beanbag. Since many of the substances are non-toxic they are safe to use with actors today.
Each of these reaction requires
- no excitation source (fluorescence or phosphorescence) Flourine or Phosphorous
- only a single light detector such as a photomultiplier tube
- no monochromator and often not even a filter
List of Chemicals that are Chemiluminescence
Ammonium dichromate
Hydrogen peroxide
Lysergic acid diethylamide
Photoresist
Potassium dichromate
Psilocybin
Silver bromide
Silver chloride
Silver iodide
Silver nitrate
Triphenylsulfonium triflate
Each of these types of Chemical reactions use Chemistry to determine the reaction and the type of effect that it creates. What would the world be like without glow in the dark sticks for use in everything from traffic indicator to entertainment in night time events. How would investigators determine decisively what happened at a crime scene and be able to anylanize the chemicals involved in solving the case. How much less interesting would your favorite murder movie or crime show be. Chemistry is a means of making things happen and allows us to creates endless possibilities.
References
http://csi.wikia.com/wiki/Luminol
http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/light-stick1.htm
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/consumer/faq/what-are-fluorescent-compounds.shtml
http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/demos/luminol/luminol.htm
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eyvg6K78A4w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZfHn1YJVGk
http://listverse.com/2008/03/04/top-10-amazing-chemical-reactions/